Python logging made (stupidly) simple
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=========
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Loguru is a library which aims to bring enjoyable logging in Python.
Did you ever feel lazy about configuring a logger and used print() instead?... I did, yet logging is fundamental to every application and eases the process of debugging. Using Loguru you have no excuse not to use logging from the start, this is as simple as from loguru import logger.
Also, this library is intended to make Python logging less painful by adding a bunch of useful functionalities that solve caveats of the standard loggers. Using logs in your application should be an automatism, Loguru tries to make it both pleasant and powerful.
.. end-of-readme-intro
::
pip install loguru
Ready to use out of the box without boilerplate_No Handler, no Formatter, no Filter: one function to rule them all_Easier file logging with rotation / retention / compression_Modern string formatting using braces style_Exceptions catching within threads or main_Pretty logging with colors_Asynchronous, Thread-safe, Multiprocess-safe_Fully descriptive exceptions_Structured logging as needed_Lazy evaluation of expensive functions_Customizable levels_Better datetime handling_Suitable for scripts and libraries_Entirely compatible with standard logging_Personalizable defaults through environment variables_Convenient parser_Exhaustive notifier_10x faster than built-in logging_.. |logger| replace:: logger
.. _logger: https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/logger.html#loguru._logger.Logger
.. |add| replace:: add()
.. _add: https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/logger.html#loguru._logger.Logger.add
.. |remove| replace:: remove()
.. _remove: https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/logger.html#loguru._logger.Logger.remove
.. |complete| replace:: complete()
.. _complete: https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/logger.html#loguru._logger.Logger.complete
.. |catch| replace:: catch()
.. _catch: https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/logger.html#loguru._logger.Logger.catch
.. |bind| replace:: bind()
.. _bind: https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/logger.html#loguru._logger.Logger.bind
.. |contextualize| replace:: contextualize()
.. _contextualize: https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/logger.html#loguru._logger.Logger.contextualize
.. |patch| replace:: patch()
.. _patch: https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/logger.html#loguru._logger.Logger.patch
.. |opt| replace:: opt()
.. _opt: https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/logger.html#loguru._logger.Logger.opt
.. |trace| replace:: trace()
.. _trace: https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/logger.html#loguru._logger.Logger.trace
.. |success| replace:: success()
.. _success: https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/logger.html#loguru._logger.Logger.success
.. |level| replace:: level()
.. _level: https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/logger.html#loguru._logger.Logger.level
.. |configure| replace:: configure()
.. _configure: https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/logger.html#loguru._logger.Logger.configure
.. |disable| replace:: disable()
.. _disable: https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/logger.html#loguru._logger.Logger.disable
.. |enable| replace:: enable()
.. _enable: https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/logger.html#loguru._logger.Logger.enable
.. |parse| replace:: parse()
.. _parse: https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/logger.html#loguru._logger.Logger.parse
.. _sinks: https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/logger.html#sink .. _record dict: https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/logger.html#record .. _log messages: https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/logger.html#message .. _easily configurable: https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/logger.html#file .. _markup tags: https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/logger.html#color .. _fixes it: https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/logger.html#time .. _No problem: https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/logger.html#env .. _logging levels: https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/logger.html#levels
.. |better_exceptions| replace:: better_exceptions
.. _better_exceptions: https://github.com/Qix-/better-exceptions
.. |loguru-config| replace:: loguru-config
.. _loguru-config: https://github.com/erezinman/loguru-config
.. |notifiers| replace:: notifiers
.. _notifiers: https://github.com/notifiers/notifiers
Ready to use out of the box without boilerplate ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The main concept of Loguru is that there is one and only one |logger|_.
For convenience, it is pre-configured and outputs to stderr to begin with (but that's entirely configurable).
::
from loguru import logger
logger.debug("That's it, beautiful and simple logging!")
The |logger|_ is just an interface which dispatches log messages to configured handlers. Simple, right?
No Handler, no Formatter, no Filter: one function to rule them all ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
How to add a handler? How to set up logs formatting? How to filter messages? How to set level?
One answer: the |add|_ function.
::
logger.add(sys.stderr, format="{time} {level} {message}", filter="my_module", level="INFO")
This function should be used to register sinks_ which are responsible for managing log messages_ contextualized with a record dict_. A sink can take many forms: a simple function, a string path, a file-like object, a coroutine function or a built-in Handler.
Note that you may also |remove|_ a previously added handler by using the identifier returned while adding it. This is particularly useful if you want to supersede the default stderr handler: just call logger.remove() to make a fresh start.
Easier file logging with rotation / retention / compression ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
If you want to send logged messages to a file, you just have to use a string path as the sink. It can be automatically timed too for convenience::
logger.add("file_{time}.log")
It is also easily configurable_ if you need rotating logger, if you want to remove older logs, or if you wish to compress your files at closure.
::
logger.add("file_1.log", rotation="500 MB") # Automatically rotate too big file
logger.add("file_2.log", rotation="12:00") # New file is created each day at noon
logger.add("file_3.log", rotation="1 week") # Once the file is too old, it's rotated
logger.add("file_X.log", retention="10 days") # Cleanup after some time
logger.add("file_Y.log", compression="zip") # Save some loved space
Modern string formatting using braces style ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Loguru favors the much more elegant and powerful {} formatting over %, logging functions are actually equivalent to str.format().
::
logger.info("If you're using Python {}, prefer {feature} of course!", 3.6, feature="f-strings")
Exceptions catching within threads or main ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Have you ever seen your program crashing unexpectedly without seeing anything in the log file? Did you ever notice that exceptions occurring in threads were not logged? This can be solved using the |catch|_ decorator / context manager which ensures that any error is correctly propagated to the |logger|_.
::
@logger.catch
def my_function(x, y, z):
# An error? It's caught anyway!
return 1 / (x + y + z)
Pretty logging with colors ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Loguru automatically adds colors to your logs if your terminal is compatible. You can define your favorite style by using markup tags_ in the sink format.
::
logger.add(sys.stdout, colorize=True, format="<green>{time}</green> <level>{message}</level>")
Asynchronous, Thread-safe, Multiprocess-safe ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
All sinks added to the |logger|_ are thread-safe by default. They are not multiprocess-safe, but you can enqueue the messages to ensure logs integrity. This same argument can also be used if you want async logging.
::
logger.add("somefile.log", enqueue=True)
Coroutine functions used as sinks are also supported and should be awaited with |complete|_.
Fully descriptive exceptions ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Logging exceptions that occur in your code is important to track bugs, but it's quite useless if you don't know why it failed. Loguru helps you identify problems by allowing the entire stack trace to be displayed, including values of variables (thanks |better_exceptions|_ for this!).
The code::
# Caution, "diagnose=True" is the default and may leak sensitive data in prod
logger.add("out.log", backtrace=True, diagnose=True)
def func(a, b):
return a / b
def nested(c):
try:
func(5, c)
except ZeroDivisionError:
logger.exception("What?!")
nested(0)
Would result in:
.. code-block::
2018-07-17 01:38:43.975 | ERROR | __main__:nested:10 - What?!
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 12, in <module>
nested(0)
└ <function nested at 0x7f5c755322f0>
> File "test.py", line 8, in nested
func(5, c)
│ └ 0
└ <function func at 0x7f5c79fc2e18>
File "test.py", line 4, in func
return a / b
│ └ 0
└ 5
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
Note that this feature won't work on default Python REPL due to unavailable frame data.
See also: Security considerations when using Loguru <https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/resources/recipes.html#security-considerations-when-using-loguru>_.
Structured logging as needed ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Want your logs to be serialized for easier parsing or to pass them around? Using the serialize argument, each log message will be converted to a JSON string before being sent to the configured sink.
::
logger.add(custom_sink_function, serialize=True)
Using |bind|_ you can contextualize your logger messages by modifying the extra record attribute.
::
logger.add("file.log", format="{extra[ip]} {extra[user]} {message}")
context_logger = logger.bind(ip="192.168.0.1", user="someone")
context_logger.info("Contextualize your logger easily")
context_logger.bind(user="someone_else").info("Inline binding of extra attribute")
context_logger.info("Use kwargs to add context during formatting: {user}", user="anybody")
It is possible to modify a context-local state temporarily with |contextualize|_:
::
with logger.contextualize(task=task_id):
do_something()
logger.info("End of task")
You can also have more fine-grained control over your logs by combining |bind|_ and filter:
::
logger.add("special.log", filter=lambda record: "special" in record["extra"])
logger.debug("This message is not logged to the file")
logger.bind(special=True).info("This message, though, is logged to the file!")
Finally, the |patch|_ method allows dynamic values to be attached to the record dict of each new message:
::
logger.add(sys.stderr, format="{extra[utc]} {message}")
logger = logger.patch(lambda record: record["extra"].update(utc=datetime.utcnow()))
Lazy evaluation of expensive functions ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Sometime you would like to log verbose information without performance penalty in production, you can use the |opt|_ method to achieve this.
::
logger.opt(lazy=True).debug("If sink level <= DEBUG: {x}", x=lambda: expensive_function(2**64))
# By the way, "opt()" serves many usages
logger.opt(exception=True).info("Error stacktrace added to the log message (tuple accepted too)")
logger.opt(colors=True).info("Per message <blue>colors</blue>")
logger.opt(record=True).info("Display values from the record (eg. {record[thread]})")
logger.opt(raw=True).info("Bypass sink formatting\n")
logger.opt(depth=1).info("Use parent stack context (useful within wrapped functions)")
logger.opt(capture=False).info("Keyword arguments not added to {dest} dict", dest="extra")
Customizable levels ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Loguru comes with all standard logging levels_ to which |trace|_ and |success|_ are added. Do you need more? Then, just create it by using the |level|_ function.
::
new_level = logger.level("SNAKY", no=38, color="<yellow>", icon="🐍")
logger.log("SNAKY", "Here we go!")
Better datetime handling ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The standard logging is bloated with arguments like datefmt or msecs, %(asctime)s and %(created)s, naive datetimes without timezone information, not intuitive formatting, etc. Loguru fixes it_:
::
logger.add("file.log", format="{time:YYYY-MM-DD at HH:mm:ss} | {level} | {message}")
Suitable for scripts and libraries ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Using the logger in your scripts is easy, and you can |configure|_ it at start. To use Loguru from inside a library, remember to never call |add|_ but use |disable|_ instead so logging functions become no-op. If a developer wishes to see your library's logs, they can |enable|_ it again.
::
# For scripts
config = {
"handlers": [
{"sink": sys.stdout, "format": "{time} - {message}"},
{"sink": "file.log", "serialize": True},
],
"extra": {"user": "someone"}
}
logger.configure(**config)
# For libraries, should be your library's `__name__`
logger.disable("my_library")
logger.info("No matter added sinks, this message is not displayed")
# In your application, enable the logger in the library
logger.enable("my_library")
logger.info("This message however is propagated to the sinks")
For additional convenience, you can also use the |loguru-config|_ library to setup the logger directly from a configuration file.
Entirely compatible with standard logging ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Wish to use built-in logging Handler as a Loguru sink?
::
handler = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler(address=('localhost', 514))
logger.add(handler)
Need to propagate Loguru messages to standard logging?
::
class PropagateHandler(logging.Handler):
def emit(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> None:
logging.getLogger(record.name).handle(record)
logger.add(PropagateHandler(), format="{message}")
Want to intercept standard logging messages toward your Loguru sinks?
::
class InterceptHandler(logging.Handler):
def emit(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> None:
# Get corresponding Loguru level if it exists.
level: str | int
try:
level = logger.level(record.levelname).name
except ValueError:
level = record.levelno
# Find caller from where originated the logged message.
frame, depth = inspect.currentframe(), 0
while frame and (depth == 0 or frame.f_code.co_filename == logging.__file__):
frame = frame.f_back
depth += 1
logger.opt(depth=depth, exception=record.exc_info).log(level, record.getMessage())
logging.basicConfig(handlers=[InterceptHandler()], level=0, force=True)
Personalizable defaults through environment variables ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Don't like the default logger formatting? Would prefer another DEBUG color? No problem_::
# Linux / OSX
export LOGURU_FORMAT="{time} | <lvl>{message}</lvl>"
# Windows
setx LOGURU_DEBUG_COLOR "<green>"
Convenient parser ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
It is often useful to extract specific information from generated logs, this is why Loguru provides a |parse|_ method which helps to deal with logs and regexes.
::
pattern = r"(?P<time>.*) - (?P<level>[0-9]+) - (?P<message>.*)" # Regex with named groups
caster_dict = dict(time=dateutil.parser.parse, level=int) # Transform matching groups
for groups in logger.parse("file.log", pattern, cast=caster_dict):
print("Parsed:", groups)
# {"level": 30, "message": "Log example", "time": datetime(2018, 12, 09, 11, 23, 55)}
Exhaustive notifier ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Loguru can easily be combined with the great |notifiers|_ library (must be installed separately) to receive an e-mail when your program fail unexpectedly or to send many other kind of notifications.
::
import notifiers
params = {
"username": "you@gmail.com",
"password": "abc123",
"to": "dest@gmail.com"
}
# Send a single notification
notifier = notifiers.get_notifier("gmail")
notifier.notify(message="The application is running!", **params)
# Be alerted on each error message
from notifiers.logging import NotificationHandler
handler = NotificationHandler("gmail", defaults=params)
logger.add(handler, level="ERROR")
10x faster than built-in logging ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Although logging impact on performances is in most cases negligible, a zero-cost logger would allow to use it anywhere without much concern. In an upcoming release, Loguru's critical functions will be implemented in C for maximum speed.
.. end-of-readme-usage
API Reference <https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/logger.html>_Help & Guides <https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/resources.html>_Type hints <https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api/type_hints.html>_Contributing <https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/project/contributing.html>_License <https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/project/license.html>_Changelog <https://loguru.readthedocs.io/en/stable/project/changelog.html>_