Python Development Workflow for Humans.
Pipenv is a Python virtualenv management tool that supports a multitude of systems and nicely bridges the gaps between pip, python (using system python, pyenv or asdf) and virtualenv. Linux, macOS, and Windows are all first-class citizens in pipenv.
Pipenv automatically creates and manages a virtualenv for your projects, as well as adds/removes packages from your Pipfile
as you install/uninstall packages. It also generates a project Pipfile.lock
, which is used to produce deterministic builds.
Pipenv is primarily meant to provide users and developers of applications with an easy method to arrive at a consistent working project environment.
The problems that Pipenv seeks to solve are multi-faceted:
pip
and virtualenv
separately: they work together.requirements.txt
file with package hashes can be problematic. Pipenv uses Pipfile
and Pipfile.lock
to separate abstract dependency declarations from the last tested combination.$ pipenv graph
)..env
files.Pipenv can be installed with Python 3.7 and above.
For most users, we recommend installing Pipenv using pip
:
pip install --user pipenv
Or, if you're using Fedora:
sudo dnf install pipenv
Or, if you're using FreeBSD:
pkg install py39-pipenv
Or, if you're using Gentoo:
sudo emerge pipenv
Or, if you're using Void Linux:
sudo xbps-install -S python3-pipenv
Alternatively, some users prefer to use Pipx:
pipx install pipenv
Refer to the documentation for latest instructions.
✨🍰✨
pyenv
or asdf
is available.Pipfile
.Pipfile
, if one doesn't exist.Pipfile
when they are installed/uninstalled..env
files, if they exist.For command reference, see Commands.
install
, all packages
[packages]
specified will be installed.To enable completion in fish, add this to your configuration ~/.config/fish/completions/pipenv.fish
:
eval (env _PIPENV_COMPLETE=fish_source pipenv)
There is also a fish plugin, which will automatically activate your subshells for you!
Alternatively, with zsh, add this to your configuration ~/.zshrc
:
eval "$(_PIPENV_COMPLETE=zsh_source pipenv)"
Alternatively, with bash, add this to your configuration ~/.bashrc
or ~/.bash_profile
:
eval "$(_PIPENV_COMPLETE=bash_source pipenv)"
Magic shell completions are now enabled!
$ pipenv --help
Usage: pipenv [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...
Options:
--where Output project home information.
--venv Output virtualenv information.
--py Output Python interpreter information.
--envs Output Environment Variable options.
--rm Remove the virtualenv.
--bare Minimal output.
--man Display manpage.
--support Output diagnostic information for use in
GitHub issues.
--site-packages / --no-site-packages
Enable site-packages for the virtualenv.
[env var: PIPENV_SITE_PACKAGES]
--python TEXT Specify which version of Python virtualenv
should use.
--clear Clears caches (pipenv, pip). [env var:
PIPENV_CLEAR]
-q, --quiet Quiet mode.
-v, --verbose Verbose mode.
--pypi-mirror TEXT Specify a PyPI mirror.
--version Show the version and exit.
-h, --help Show this message and exit.
Create a new project using Python 3.7, specifically:
$ pipenv --python 3.7
Remove project virtualenv (inferred from current directory):
$ pipenv --rm
Install all dependencies for a project (including dev):
$ pipenv install --dev
Create a lockfile containing pre-releases:
$ pipenv lock --pre
Show a graph of your installed dependencies:
$ pipenv graph
Check your installed dependencies for security vulnerabilities:
$ pipenv check
Install a local setup.py into your virtual environment/Pipfile:
$ pipenv install -e .
Use a lower-level pip command:
$ pipenv run pip freeze
check Checks for PyUp Safety security vulnerabilities and against
PEP 508 markers provided in Pipfile.
clean Uninstalls all packages not specified in Pipfile.lock.
graph Displays currently-installed dependency graph information.
install Installs provided packages and adds them to Pipfile, or (if no
packages are given), installs all packages from Pipfile.
lock Generates Pipfile.lock.
open View a given module in your editor.
requirements Generate a requirements.txt from Pipfile.lock.
run Spawns a command installed into the virtualenv.
scripts Lists scripts in current environment config.
shell Spawns a shell within the virtualenv.
sync Installs all packages specified in Pipfile.lock.
uninstall Uninstalls a provided package and removes it from Pipfile.
update Runs lock, then sync.
upgrade Update the lock of the specified dependency / sub-dependency,
but does not actually install the packages.
verify Verify the hash in Pipfile.lock is up-to-date.
$ pipenv --where
/Users/kennethreitz/Library/Mobile Documents/com~apple~CloudDocs/repos/kr/pipenv/test
$ pipenv --venv
/Users/kennethreitz/.local/share/virtualenvs/test-Skyy4vre
$ pipenv --py
/Users/kennethreitz/.local/share/virtualenvs/test-Skyy4vre/bin/python
$ pipenv install
Creating a virtualenv for this project...
...
No package provided, installing all dependencies.
Virtualenv location: /Users/kennethreitz/.local/share/virtualenvs/test-EJkjoYts
Installing dependencies from Pipfile.lock...
...
To activate this project's virtualenv, run the following:
$ pipenv shell
You can install packages with pipenv from git and other version control systems using URLs formatted according to the following rule:
<vcs_type>+<scheme>://<location>/<user_or_organization>/<repository>@<branch_or_tag>#<package_name>
The only optional section is the @<branch_or_tag>
section. When using git over SSH, you may use the shorthand vcs and scheme alias git+git@<location>:<user_or_organization>/<repository>@<branch_or_tag>#<package_name>
. Note that this is translated to git+ssh://git@<location>
when parsed.
Valid values for <vcs_type>
include git
, bzr
, svn
, and hg
. Valid values for <scheme>
include http,
, https
, ssh
, and file
. In specific cases you also have access to other schemes: svn
may be combined with svn
as a scheme, and bzr
can be combined with sftp
and lp
.
Note that it is strongly recommended that you install any version-controlled dependencies in editable mode, using pipenv install -e
, in order to ensure that dependency resolution can be performed with an up to date copy of the repository each time it is performed, and that it includes all known dependencies.
Below is an example usage which installs the git repository located at https://github.com/requests/requests.git
from tag v2.19.1
as package name requests
:
$ pipenv install -e git+https://github.com/requests/requests.git@v2.19#egg=requests
Creating a Pipfile for this project...
Installing -e git+https://github.com/requests/requests.git@v2.19.1#egg=requests...
[...snipped...]
Adding -e git+https://github.com/requests/requests.git@v2.19.1#egg=requests to Pipfile's [packages]...
[...]
You can read more about pip's implementation of vcs support here.
$ pipenv install pytest --dev
Installing pytest...
...
Adding pytest to Pipfile's [dev-packages]...
$ pipenv graph
requests==2.18.4
- certifi [required: >=2017.4.17, installed: 2017.7.27.1]
- chardet [required: >=3.0.2,<3.1.0, installed: 3.0.4]
- idna [required: >=2.5,<2.7, installed: 2.6]
- urllib3 [required: <1.23,>=1.21.1, installed: 1.22]
$ pipenv lock
Assuring all dependencies from Pipfile are installed...
Locking [dev-packages] dependencies...
Locking [packages] dependencies...
Note: your project now has only default [packages] installed.
To install [dev-packages], run: $ pipenv install --dev
$ pipenv install --dev
Pipfile found at /Users/kennethreitz/repos/kr/pip2/test/Pipfile. Considering this to be the project home.
Pipfile.lock out of date, updating...
Assuring all dependencies from Pipfile are installed...
Locking [dev-packages] dependencies...
Locking [packages] dependencies...
$ pipenv uninstall --all
No package provided, un-installing all dependencies.
Found 25 installed package(s), purging...
...
Environment now purged and fresh!
$ pipenv shell
Loading .env environment variables...
Launching subshell in virtual environment. Type 'exit' or 'Ctrl+D' to return.
$ ▯
Documentation resides over at pipenv.pypa.io.