Python language bindings for Selenium WebDriver.
The selenium
package is used to automate web browser interaction from Python.
+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Home: | https://selenium.dev |
+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GitHub: | https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/Selenium |
+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| PyPI: | https://pypi.org/project/selenium/ |
+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| IRC/Slack: | Selenium chat room <https://www.selenium.dev/support/#ChatRoom>
_ |
+-----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Several browsers/drivers are supported (Firefox, Chrome, Internet Explorer), as well as the Remote protocol.
If you have pip <https://pip.pypa.io/>
_ on your system, you can simply install or upgrade the Python bindings::
pip install -U selenium
Alternately, you can download the source distribution from PyPI <https://pypi.org/project/selenium/#files>
, unarchive it, and run::
python setup.py install
Note: You may want to consider using virtualenv <http://www.virtualenv.org/>
_ to create isolated Python environments.
Selenium requires a driver to interface with the chosen browser. Firefox,
for example, requires geckodriver <https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases>
_, which needs to be installed before the below examples can be run. Make sure it's in your PATH
, e. g., place it in /usr/bin
or /usr/local/bin
.
Failure to observe this step will give you an error selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: 'geckodriver' executable needs to be in PATH.
Other supported browsers will have their own drivers available. Links to some of the more popular browser drivers follow.
+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Chrome: | https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads | +--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Edge: | https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/ | +--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Firefox: | https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases | +--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Safari: | https://webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10/ | +--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
.. code-block:: python
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Firefox()
browser.get('http://selenium.dev/')
.. code-block:: python
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
browser = webdriver.Firefox()
browser.get('http://www.yahoo.com')
assert 'Yahoo' in browser.title
elem = browser.find_element(By.NAME, 'p') # Find the search box
elem.send_keys('seleniumhq' + Keys.RETURN)
browser.quit()
Selenium WebDriver is often used as a basis for testing web applications. Here is a simple example using Python's standard unittest <http://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html>
_ library:
.. code-block:: python
import unittest
from selenium import webdriver
class GoogleTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.browser = webdriver.Firefox()
self.addCleanup(self.browser.quit)
def test_page_title(self):
self.browser.get('http://www.google.com')
self.assertIn('Google', self.browser.title)
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main(verbosity=2)
For local Selenium scripts, the Java server is not needed.
To use Selenium remotely, you need to also run the Selenium grid. For information on running Selenium Grid: https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/grid/getting_started/
To use Remote WebDriver see: https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/drivers/remote_webdriver/?tab=python
View source code online:
+-----------+------------------------------------------------------+ | Official: | https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/tree/trunk/py | +-----------+------------------------------------------------------+
tox
is installed (using a virtualenv
is recommended)python3.8 -m venv .venv && . .venv/bin/activate && pip install tox
tox -e linting
0
, commit and push otherwise fix the newly introduced breakages.flake8
requires manual fixesblack
will often rewrite the breakages automatically, however the files are unstaged and should staged again.isort
will often rewrite the breakages automatically, however the files are unstaged and should staged again.