NFS-safe file locking with timeouts for POSIX and Windows
NFS-safe file locking with timeouts for POSIX and Windows.
The flufl.lock library provides an NFS-safe file-based locking algorithm
influenced by the GNU/Linux open(2) manpage, under the description of the
O_EXCL option.
[...] O_EXCL is broken on NFS file systems, programs which rely on it
for performing locking tasks will contain a race condition. The
solution for performing atomic file locking using a lockfile is to
create a unique file on the same fs (e.g., incorporating hostname and
pid), use link(2) to make a link to the lockfile. If link() returns
0, the lock is successful. Otherwise, use stat(2) on the unique file
to check if its link count has increased to 2, in which case the lock
is also successful.
The assumption made here is that there will be no outside interference,
e.g. no agent external to this code will ever link() to the specific lock
files used.
Lock objects support lock-breaking so that you can't wedge a process forever. This is especially helpful in a web environment, but may not be appropriate for all applications.
Locks have a lifetime, which is the maximum length of time the process expects to retain the lock. It is important to pick a good number here because other processes will not break an existing lock until the expected lifetime has expired. Too long and other processes will hang; too short and you'll end up trampling on existing process locks -- and possibly corrupting data. In a distributed (NFS) environment, you also need to make sure that your clocks are properly synchronized.
flufl.lock is Copyright (C) 2007-2023 Barry Warsaw barry@python.org
Licensed under the terms of the Apache License Version 2.0. See the LICENSE file for details.