Fast, Extensible Progress Meter
|Logo|
|Py-Versions| |Versions| |Conda-Forge-Status| |Docker| |Snapcraft|
|Build-Status| |Coverage-Status| |Branch-Coverage-Status| |Codacy-Grade| |Libraries-Rank| |PyPI-Downloads|
|LICENCE| |OpenHub-Status| |binder-demo| |awesome-python|
tqdm derives from the Arabic word taqaddum (تقدّم) which can mean "progress,"
and is an abbreviation for "I love you so much" in Spanish (te quiero demasiado).
Instantly make your loops show a smart progress meter - just wrap any
iterable with tqdm(iterable), and you're done!
.. code:: python
from tqdm import tqdm
for i in tqdm(range(10000)):
...
76%|████████████████████████ | 7568/10000 [00:33<00:10, 229.00it/s]
trange(N) can be also used as a convenient shortcut for
tqdm(range(N)).
|Screenshot| |Video| |Slides| |Merch|
It can also be executed as a module with pipes:
.. code:: sh
$ seq 9999999 | tqdm --bytes | wc -l
75.2MB [00:00, 217MB/s]
9999999
$ tar -zcf - docs/ | tqdm --bytes --total `du -sb docs/ | cut -f1` \
> backup.tgz
32%|██████████▍ | 8.89G/27.9G [00:42<01:31, 223MB/s]
Overhead is low -- about 60ns per iteration (80ns with tqdm.gui), and is
unit tested against performance regression.
By comparison, the well-established
ProgressBar <https://github.com/niltonvolpato/python-progressbar>__ has
an 800ns/iter overhead.
In addition to its low overhead, tqdm uses smart algorithms to predict
the remaining time and to skip unnecessary iteration displays, which allows
for a negligible overhead in most cases.
tqdm works on any platform
(Linux, Windows, Mac, FreeBSD, NetBSD, Solaris/SunOS),
in any console or in a GUI, and is also friendly with IPython/Jupyter notebooks.
tqdm does not require any dependencies (not even curses!), just
Python and an environment supporting carriage return \r and
line feed \n control characters.
.. contents:: Table of contents :backlinks: top :local:
Latest PyPI stable release
|Versions| |PyPI-Downloads| |Libraries-Dependents|
.. code:: sh
pip install tqdm
Latest development release on GitHub
|GitHub-Status| |GitHub-Stars| |GitHub-Commits| |GitHub-Forks| |GitHub-Updated|
Pull and install pre-release devel branch:
.. code:: sh
pip install "git+https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm.git@devel#egg=tqdm"
Latest Conda release
|Conda-Forge-Status|
.. code:: sh
conda install -c conda-forge tqdm
Latest Snapcraft release
|Snapcraft|
There are 3 channels to choose from:
.. code:: sh
snap install tqdm # implies --stable, i.e. latest tagged release
snap install tqdm --candidate # master branch
snap install tqdm --edge # devel branch
Note that snap binaries are purely for CLI use (not import-able), and
automatically set up bash tab-completion.
Latest Docker release
|Docker|
.. code:: sh
docker pull tqdm/tqdm
docker run -i --rm tqdm/tqdm --help
Other
~~~~~
There are other (unofficial) places where ``tqdm`` may be downloaded, particularly for CLI use:
|Repology|
.. |Repology| image:: https://repology.org/badge/tiny-repos/python:tqdm.svg
:target: https://repology.org/project/python:tqdm/versions
Changelog
---------
The list of all changes is available either on GitHub's Releases:
|GitHub-Status|, on the
`wiki <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/wiki/Releases>`__, or on the
`website <https://tqdm.github.io/releases>`__.
Usage
-----
``tqdm`` is very versatile and can be used in a number of ways.
The three main ones are given below.
Iterable-based
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Wrap ``tqdm()`` around any iterable:
.. code:: python
from tqdm import tqdm
from time import sleep
text = ""
for char in tqdm(["a", "b", "c", "d"]):
sleep(0.25)
text = text + char
``trange(i)`` is a special optimised instance of ``tqdm(range(i))``:
.. code:: python
from tqdm import trange
for i in trange(100):
sleep(0.01)
Instantiation outside of the loop allows for manual control over ``tqdm()``:
.. code:: python
pbar = tqdm(["a", "b", "c", "d"])
for char in pbar:
sleep(0.25)
pbar.set_description("Processing %s" % char)
Manual
~~~~~~
Manual control of ``tqdm()`` updates using a ``with`` statement:
.. code:: python
with tqdm(total=100) as pbar:
for i in range(10):
sleep(0.1)
pbar.update(10)
If the optional variable ``total`` (or an iterable with ``len()``) is
provided, predictive stats are displayed.
``with`` is also optional (you can just assign ``tqdm()`` to a variable,
but in this case don't forget to ``del`` or ``close()`` at the end:
.. code:: python
pbar = tqdm(total=100)
for i in range(10):
sleep(0.1)
pbar.update(10)
pbar.close()
Module
~~~~~~
Perhaps the most wonderful use of ``tqdm`` is in a script or on the command
line. Simply inserting ``tqdm`` (or ``python -m tqdm``) between pipes will pass
through all ``stdin`` to ``stdout`` while printing progress to ``stderr``.
The example below demonstrate counting the number of lines in all Python files
in the current directory, with timing information included.
.. code:: sh
$ time find . -name '*.py' -type f -exec cat \{} \; | wc -l
857365
real 0m3.458s
user 0m0.274s
sys 0m3.325s
$ time find . -name '*.py' -type f -exec cat \{} \; | tqdm | wc -l
857366it [00:03, 246471.31it/s]
857365
real 0m3.585s
user 0m0.862s
sys 0m3.358s
Note that the usual arguments for ``tqdm`` can also be specified.
.. code:: sh
$ find . -name '*.py' -type f -exec cat \{} \; |
tqdm --unit loc --unit_scale --total 857366 >> /dev/null
100%|█████████████████████████████████| 857K/857K [00:04<00:00, 246Kloc/s]
Backing up a large directory?
.. code:: sh
$ tar -zcf - docs/ | tqdm --bytes --total `du -sb docs/ | cut -f1` \
> backup.tgz
44%|██████████████▊ | 153M/352M [00:14<00:18, 11.0MB/s]
This can be beautified further:
.. code:: sh
$ BYTES=$(du -sb docs/ | cut -f1)
$ tar -cf - docs/ \
| tqdm --bytes --total "$BYTES" --desc Processing | gzip \
| tqdm --bytes --total "$BYTES" --desc Compressed --position 1 \
> ~/backup.tgz
Processing: 100%|██████████████████████| 352M/352M [00:14<00:00, 30.2MB/s]
Compressed: 42%|█████████▎ | 148M/352M [00:14<00:19, 10.9MB/s]
Or done on a file level using 7-zip:
.. code:: sh
$ 7z a -bd -r backup.7z docs/ | grep Compressing \
| tqdm --total $(find docs/ -type f | wc -l) --unit files \
| grep -v Compressing
100%|██████████████████████████▉| 15327/15327 [01:00<00:00, 712.96files/s]
Pre-existing CLI programs already outputting basic progress information will
benefit from ``tqdm``'s ``--update`` and ``--update_to`` flags:
.. code:: sh
$ seq 3 0.1 5 | tqdm --total 5 --update_to --null
100%|████████████████████████████████████| 5.0/5 [00:00<00:00, 9673.21it/s]
$ seq 10 | tqdm --update --null # 1 + 2 + ... + 10 = 55 iterations
55it [00:00, 90006.52it/s]
FAQ and Known Issues
--------------------
|GitHub-Issues|
The most common issues relate to excessive output on multiple lines, instead
of a neat one-line progress bar.
- Consoles in general: require support for carriage return (``CR``, ``\r``).
* Some cloud logging consoles which don't support ``\r`` properly
(`cloudwatch <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/issues/966>`__,
`K8s <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/issues/1319>`__) may benefit from
``export TQDM_POSITION=-1``.
- Nested progress bars:
* Consoles in general: require support for moving cursors up to the
previous line. For example,
`IDLE <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/issues/191#issuecomment-230168030>`__,
`ConEmu <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/issues/254>`__ and
`PyCharm <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/issues/203>`__ (also
`here <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/issues/208>`__,
`here <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/issues/307>`__, and
`here <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/issues/454#issuecomment-335416815>`__)
lack full support.
* Windows: additionally may require the Python module ``colorama``
to ensure nested bars stay within their respective lines.
- Unicode:
* Environments which report that they support unicode will have solid smooth
progressbars. The fallback is an ``ascii``-only bar.
* Windows consoles often only partially support unicode and thus
`often require explicit ascii=True <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/issues/454#issuecomment-335416815>`__
(also `here <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/issues/499>`__). This is due to
either normal-width unicode characters being incorrectly displayed as
"wide", or some unicode characters not rendering.
- Wrapping generators:
* Generator wrapper functions tend to hide the length of iterables.
``tqdm`` does not.
* Replace ``tqdm(enumerate(...))`` with ``enumerate(tqdm(...))`` or
``tqdm(enumerate(x), total=len(x), ...)``.
The same applies to ``numpy.ndenumerate``.
* Replace ``tqdm(zip(a, b))`` with ``zip(tqdm(a), b)`` or even
``zip(tqdm(a), tqdm(b))``.
* The same applies to ``itertools``.
* Some useful convenience functions can be found under ``tqdm.contrib``.
- `No intermediate output in docker-compose <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/issues/771>`__:
use ``docker-compose run`` instead of ``docker-compose up`` and ``tty: true``.
- Overriding defaults via environment variables:
e.g. in CI/cloud jobs, ``export TQDM_MININTERVAL=5`` to avoid log spam.
This override logic is handled by the ``tqdm.utils.envwrap`` decorator
(useful independent of ``tqdm``).
If you come across any other difficulties, browse and file |GitHub-Issues|.
Documentation
-------------
|Py-Versions| |README-Hits| (Since 19 May 2016)
.. code:: python
class tqdm():
"""
Decorate an iterable object, returning an iterator which acts exactly
like the original iterable, but prints a dynamically updating
progressbar every time a value is requested.
"""
@envwrap("TQDM_") # override defaults via env vars
def __init__(self, iterable=None, desc=None, total=None, leave=True,
file=None, ncols=None, mininterval=0.1,
maxinterval=10.0, miniters=None, ascii=None, disable=False,
unit='it', unit_scale=False, dynamic_ncols=False,
smoothing=0.3, bar_format=None, initial=0, position=None,
postfix=None, unit_divisor=1000, write_bytes=False,
lock_args=None, nrows=None, colour=None, delay=0):
Parameters
~~~~~~~~~~
* iterable : iterable, optional
Iterable to decorate with a progressbar.
Leave blank to manually manage the updates.
* desc : str, optional
Prefix for the progressbar.
* total : int or float, optional
The number of expected iterations. If unspecified,
len(iterable) is used if possible. If float("inf") or as a last
resort, only basic progress statistics are displayed
(no ETA, no progressbar).
If ``gui`` is True and this parameter needs subsequent updating,
specify an initial arbitrary large positive number,
e.g. 9e9.
* leave : bool, optional
If [default: True], keeps all traces of the progressbar
upon termination of iteration.
If ``None``, will leave only if ``position`` is ``0``.
* file : ``io.TextIOWrapper`` or ``io.StringIO``, optional
Specifies where to output the progress messages
(default: sys.stderr). Uses ``file.write(str)`` and ``file.flush()``
methods. For encoding, see ``write_bytes``.
* ncols : int, optional
The width of the entire output message. If specified,
dynamically resizes the progressbar to stay within this bound.
If unspecified, attempts to use environment width. The
fallback is a meter width of 10 and no limit for the counter and
statistics. If 0, will not print any meter (only stats).
* mininterval : float, optional
Minimum progress display update interval [default: 0.1] seconds.
* maxinterval : float, optional
Maximum progress display update interval [default: 10] seconds.
Automatically adjusts ``miniters`` to correspond to ``mininterval``
after long display update lag. Only works if ``dynamic_miniters``
or monitor thread is enabled.
* miniters : int or float, optional
Minimum progress display update interval, in iterations.
If 0 and ``dynamic_miniters``, will automatically adjust to equal
``mininterval`` (more CPU efficient, good for tight loops).
If > 0, will skip display of specified number of iterations.
Tweak this and ``mininterval`` to get very efficient loops.
If your progress is erratic with both fast and slow iterations
(network, skipping items, etc) you should set miniters=1.
* ascii : bool or str, optional
If unspecified or False, use unicode (smooth blocks) to fill
the meter. The fallback is to use ASCII characters " 123456789#".
* disable : bool, optional
Whether to disable the entire progressbar wrapper
[default: False]. If set to None, disable on non-TTY.
* unit : str, optional
String that will be used to define the unit of each iteration
[default: it].
* unit_scale : bool or int or float, optional
If 1 or True, the number of iterations will be reduced/scaled
automatically and a metric prefix following the
International System of Units standard will be added
(kilo, mega, etc.) [default: False]. If any other non-zero
number, will scale ``total`` and ``n``.
* dynamic_ncols : bool, optional
If set, constantly alters ``ncols`` and ``nrows`` to the
environment (allowing for window resizes) [default: False].
* smoothing : float, optional
Exponential moving average smoothing factor for speed estimates
(ignored in GUI mode). Ranges from 0 (average speed) to 1
(current/instantaneous speed) [default: 0.3].
* bar_format : str, optional
Specify a custom bar string formatting. May impact performance.
[default: '{l_bar}{bar}{r_bar}'], where
l_bar='{desc}: {percentage:3.0f}%|' and
r_bar='| {n_fmt}/{total_fmt} [{elapsed}<{remaining}, '
'{rate_fmt}{postfix}]'
Possible vars: l_bar, bar, r_bar, n, n_fmt, total, total_fmt,
percentage, elapsed, elapsed_s, ncols, nrows, desc, unit,
rate, rate_fmt, rate_noinv, rate_noinv_fmt,
rate_inv, rate_inv_fmt, postfix, unit_divisor,
remaining, remaining_s, eta.
Note that a trailing ": " is automatically removed after {desc}
if the latter is empty.
* initial : int or float, optional
The initial counter value. Useful when restarting a progress
bar [default: 0]. If using float, consider specifying ``{n:.3f}``
or similar in ``bar_format``, or specifying ``unit_scale``.
* position : int, optional
Specify the line offset to print this bar (starting from 0)
Automatic if unspecified.
Useful to manage multiple bars at once (eg, from threads).
* postfix : dict or ``*``, optional
Specify additional stats to display at the end of the bar.
Calls ``set_postfix(**postfix)`` if possible (dict).
* unit_divisor : float, optional
[default: 1000], ignored unless ``unit_scale`` is True.
* write_bytes : bool, optional
Whether to write bytes. If (default: False) will write unicode.
* lock_args : tuple, optional
Passed to ``refresh`` for intermediate output
(initialisation, iterating, and updating).
* nrows : int, optional
The screen height. If specified, hides nested bars outside this
bound. If unspecified, attempts to use environment height.
The fallback is 20.
* colour : str, optional
Bar colour (e.g. 'green', '#00ff00').
* delay : float, optional
Don't display until [default: 0] seconds have elapsed.
Extra CLI Options
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* delim : chr, optional
Delimiting character [default: '\n']. Use '\0' for null.
N.B.: on Windows systems, Python converts '\n' to '\r\n'.
* buf_size : int, optional
String buffer size in bytes [default: 256]
used when ``delim`` is specified.
* bytes : bool, optional
If true, will count bytes, ignore ``delim``, and default
``unit_scale`` to True, ``unit_divisor`` to 1024, and ``unit`` to 'B'.
* tee : bool, optional
If true, passes ``stdin`` to both ``stderr`` and ``stdout``.
* update : bool, optional
If true, will treat input as newly elapsed iterations,
i.e. numbers to pass to ``update()``. Note that this is slow
(~2e5 it/s) since every input must be decoded as a number.
* update_to : bool, optional
If true, will treat input as total elapsed iterations,
i.e. numbers to assign to ``self.n``. Note that this is slow
(~2e5 it/s) since every input must be decoded as a number.
* null : bool, optional
If true, will discard input (no stdout).
* manpath : str, optional
Directory in which to install tqdm man pages.
* comppath : str, optional
Directory in which to place tqdm completion.
* log : str, optional
CRITICAL|FATAL|ERROR|WARN(ING)|[default: 'INFO']|DEBUG|NOTSET.
Returns
~~~~~~~
* out : decorated iterator.
.. code:: python
class tqdm():
def update(self, n=1):
"""
Manually update the progress bar, useful for streams
such as reading files.
E.g.:
>>> t = tqdm(total=filesize) # Initialise
>>> for current_buffer in stream:
... ...
... t.update(len(current_buffer))
>>> t.close()
The last line is highly recommended, but possibly not necessary if
``t.update()`` will be called in such a way that ``filesize`` will be
exactly reached and printed.
Parameters
----------
n : int or float, optional
Increment to add to the internal counter of iterations
[default: 1]. If using float, consider specifying ``{n:.3f}``
or similar in ``bar_format``, or specifying ``unit_scale``.
Returns
-------
out : bool or None
True if a ``display()`` was triggered.
"""
def close(self):
"""Cleanup and (if leave=False) close the progressbar."""
def clear(self, nomove=False):
"""Clear current bar display."""
def refresh(self):
"""
Force refresh the display of this bar.
Parameters
----------
nolock : bool, optional
If ``True``, does not lock.
If [default: ``False``]: calls ``acquire()`` on internal lock.
lock_args : tuple, optional
Passed to internal lock's ``acquire()``.
If specified, will only ``display()`` if ``acquire()`` returns ``True``.
"""
def unpause(self):
"""Restart tqdm timer from last print time."""
def reset(self, total=None):
"""
Resets to 0 iterations for repeated use.
Consider combining with ``leave=True``.
Parameters
----------
total : int or float, optional. Total to use for the new bar.
"""
def set_description(self, desc=None, refresh=True):
"""
Set/modify description of the progress bar.
Parameters
----------
desc : str, optional
refresh : bool, optional
Forces refresh [default: True].
"""
def set_postfix(self, ordered_dict=None, refresh=True, **tqdm_kwargs):
"""
Set/modify postfix (additional stats)
with automatic formatting based on datatype.
Parameters
----------
ordered_dict : dict or OrderedDict, optional
refresh : bool, optional
Forces refresh [default: True].
kwargs : dict, optional
"""
@classmethod
def write(cls, s, file=sys.stdout, end="\n"):
"""Print a message via tqdm (without overlap with bars)."""
@property
def format_dict(self):
"""Public API for read-only member access."""
def display(self, msg=None, pos=None):
"""
Use ``self.sp`` to display ``msg`` in the specified ``pos``.
Consider overloading this function when inheriting to use e.g.:
``self.some_frontend(**self.format_dict)`` instead of ``self.sp``.
Parameters
----------
msg : str, optional. What to display (default: ``repr(self)``).
pos : int, optional. Position to ``moveto``
(default: ``abs(self.pos)``).
"""
@classmethod
@contextmanager
def wrapattr(cls, stream, method, total=None, bytes=True, **tqdm_kwargs):
"""
stream : file-like object.
method : str, "read" or "write". The result of ``read()`` and
the first argument of ``write()`` should have a ``len()``.
>>> with tqdm.wrapattr(file_obj, "read", total=file_obj.size) as fobj:
... while True:
... chunk = fobj.read(chunk_size)
... if not chunk:
... break
"""
@classmethod
def pandas(cls, *targs, **tqdm_kwargs):
"""Registers the current `tqdm` class with `pandas`."""
def trange(*args, **tqdm_kwargs):
"""Shortcut for `tqdm(range(*args), **tqdm_kwargs)`."""
Convenience Functions
.. code:: python
def tqdm.contrib.tenumerate(iterable, start=0, total=None,
tqdm_class=tqdm.auto.tqdm, **tqdm_kwargs):
"""Equivalent of `numpy.ndenumerate` or builtin `enumerate`."""
def tqdm.contrib.tzip(iter1, *iter2plus, **tqdm_kwargs):
"""Equivalent of builtin `zip`."""
def tqdm.contrib.tmap(function, *sequences, **tqdm_kwargs):
"""Equivalent of builtin `map`."""
Submodules
.. code:: python
class tqdm.notebook.tqdm(tqdm.tqdm):
"""IPython/Jupyter Notebook widget."""
class tqdm.auto.tqdm(tqdm.tqdm):
"""Automatically chooses beween `tqdm.notebook` and `tqdm.tqdm`."""
class tqdm.asyncio.tqdm(tqdm.tqdm):
"""Asynchronous version."""
@classmethod
def as_completed(cls, fs, *, loop=None, timeout=None, total=None,
**tqdm_kwargs):
"""Wrapper for `asyncio.as_completed`."""
class tqdm.gui.tqdm(tqdm.tqdm):
"""Matplotlib GUI version."""
class tqdm.tk.tqdm(tqdm.tqdm):
"""Tkinter GUI version."""
class tqdm.rich.tqdm(tqdm.tqdm):
"""`rich.progress` version."""
class tqdm.keras.TqdmCallback(keras.callbacks.Callback):
"""Keras callback for epoch and batch progress."""
class tqdm.dask.TqdmCallback(dask.callbacks.Callback):
"""Dask callback for task progress."""
``contrib``
+++++++++++
The ``tqdm.contrib`` package also contains experimental modules:
- ``tqdm.contrib.itertools``: Thin wrappers around ``itertools``
- ``tqdm.contrib.concurrent``: Thin wrappers around ``concurrent.futures``
- ``tqdm.contrib.slack``: Posts to `Slack <https://slack.com>`__ bots
- ``tqdm.contrib.discord``: Posts to `Discord <https://discord.com>`__ bots
- ``tqdm.contrib.telegram``: Posts to `Telegram <https://telegram.org>`__ bots
- ``tqdm.contrib.bells``: Automagically enables all optional features
* ``auto``, ``pandas``, ``slack``, ``discord``, ``telegram``
Examples and Advanced Usage
---------------------------
- See the `examples <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/tree/master/examples>`__
folder;
- import the module and run ``help()``;
- consult the `wiki <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/wiki>`__;
* this has an
`excellent article <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/wiki/How-to-make-a-great-Progress-Bar>`__
on how to make a **great** progressbar;
- check out the `slides from PyData London <https://tqdm.github.io/PyData2019/slides.html>`__, or
- run the |binder-demo|.
Description and additional stats
Custom information can be displayed and updated dynamically on tqdm bars
with the desc and postfix arguments:
.. code:: python
from tqdm import tqdm, trange
from random import random, randint
from time import sleep
with trange(10) as t:
for i in t:
# Description will be displayed on the left
t.set_description('GEN %i' % i)
# Postfix will be displayed on the right,
# formatted automatically based on argument's datatype
t.set_postfix(loss=random(), gen=randint(1,999), str='h',
lst=[1, 2])
sleep(0.1)
with tqdm(total=10, bar_format="{postfix[0]} {postfix[1][value]:>8.2g}",
postfix=["Batch", {"value": 0}]) as t:
for i in range(10):
sleep(0.1)
t.postfix[1]["value"] = i / 2
t.update()
Points to remember when using {postfix[...]} in the bar_format string:
postfix also needs to be passed as an initial argument in a compatible
format, andpostfix will be auto-converted to a string if it is a dict-like
object. To prevent this behaviour, insert an extra item into the dictionary
where the key is not a string.Additional bar_format parameters may also be defined by overriding
format_dict, and the bar itself may be modified using ascii:
.. code:: python
from tqdm import tqdm
class TqdmExtraFormat(tqdm):
"""Provides a `total_time` format parameter"""
@property
def format_dict(self):
d = super(TqdmExtraFormat, self).format_dict
total_time = d["elapsed"] * (d["total"] or 0) / max(d["n"], 1)
d.update(total_time=self.format_interval(total_time) + " in total")
return d
for i in TqdmExtraFormat(
range(9), ascii=" .oO0",
bar_format="{total_time}: {percentage:.0f}%|{bar}{r_bar}"):
if i == 4:
break
.. code::
00:00 in total: 44%|0000. | 4/9 [00:00<00:00, 962.93it/s]
Note that {bar} also supports a format specifier [width][type].
width
ncolsint >= 0: fixed width overriding ncols logicint < 0: subtract from the automatic defaulttype
a: ascii (ascii=True override)u: unicode (ascii=False override)b: blank (ascii=" " override)This means a fixed bar with right-justified text may be created by using:
bar_format="{l_bar}{bar:10}|{bar:-10b}right-justified"
Nested progress bars
``tqdm`` supports nested progress bars. Here's an example:
.. code:: python
from tqdm.auto import trange
from time import sleep
for i in trange(4, desc='1st loop'):
for j in trange(5, desc='2nd loop'):
for k in trange(50, desc='3rd loop', leave=False):
sleep(0.01)
For manual control over positioning (e.g. for multi-processing use),
you may specify ``position=n`` where ``n=0`` for the outermost bar,
``n=1`` for the next, and so on.
However, it's best to check if ``tqdm`` can work without manual ``position``
first.
.. code:: python
from time import sleep
from tqdm import trange, tqdm
from multiprocessing import Pool, RLock, freeze_support
L = list(range(9))
def progresser(n):
interval = 0.001 / (n + 2)
total = 5000
text = "#{}, est. {:<04.2}s".format(n, interval * total)
for _ in trange(total, desc=text, position=n):
sleep(interval)
if __name__ == '__main__':
freeze_support() # for Windows support
tqdm.set_lock(RLock()) # for managing output contention
p = Pool(initializer=tqdm.set_lock, initargs=(tqdm.get_lock(),))
p.map(progresser, L)
Note that in Python 3, ``tqdm.write`` is thread-safe:
.. code:: python
from time import sleep
from tqdm import tqdm, trange
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
L = list(range(9))
def progresser(n):
interval = 0.001 / (n + 2)
total = 5000
text = "#{}, est. {:<04.2}s".format(n, interval * total)
for _ in trange(total, desc=text):
sleep(interval)
if n == 6:
tqdm.write("n == 6 completed.")
tqdm.write("`tqdm.write()` is thread-safe in py3!")
if __name__ == '__main__':
with ThreadPoolExecutor() as p:
p.map(progresser, L)
Hooks and callbacks
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
``tqdm`` can easily support callbacks/hooks and manual updates.
Here's an example with ``urllib``:
**``urllib.urlretrieve`` documentation**
| [...]
| If present, the hook function will be called once
| on establishment of the network connection and once after each block read
| thereafter. The hook will be passed three arguments; a count of blocks
| transferred so far, a block size in bytes, and the total size of the file.
| [...]
.. code:: python
import urllib, os
from tqdm import tqdm
urllib = getattr(urllib, 'request', urllib)
class TqdmUpTo(tqdm):
"""Provides `update_to(n)` which uses `tqdm.update(delta_n)`."""
def update_to(self, b=1, bsize=1, tsize=None):
"""
b : int, optional
Number of blocks transferred so far [default: 1].
bsize : int, optional
Size of each block (in tqdm units) [default: 1].
tsize : int, optional
Total size (in tqdm units). If [default: None] remains unchanged.
"""
if tsize is not None:
self.total = tsize
return self.update(b * bsize - self.n) # also sets self.n = b * bsize
eg_link = "https://caspersci.uk.to/matryoshka.zip"
with TqdmUpTo(unit='B', unit_scale=True, unit_divisor=1024, miniters=1,
desc=eg_link.split('/')[-1]) as t: # all optional kwargs
urllib.urlretrieve(eg_link, filename=os.devnull,
reporthook=t.update_to, data=None)
t.total = t.n
Inspired by `twine#242 <https://github.com/pypa/twine/pull/242>`__.
Functional alternative in
`examples/tqdm_wget.py <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/blob/master/examples/tqdm_wget.py>`__.
It is recommend to use ``miniters=1`` whenever there is potentially
large differences in iteration speed (e.g. downloading a file over
a patchy connection).
**Wrapping read/write methods**
To measure throughput through a file-like object's ``read`` or ``write``
methods, use ``CallbackIOWrapper``:
.. code:: python
from tqdm.auto import tqdm
from tqdm.utils import CallbackIOWrapper
with tqdm(total=file_obj.size,
unit='B', unit_scale=True, unit_divisor=1024) as t:
fobj = CallbackIOWrapper(t.update, file_obj, "read")
while True:
chunk = fobj.read(chunk_size)
if not chunk:
break
t.reset()
# ... continue to use `t` for something else
Alternatively, use the even simpler ``wrapattr`` convenience function,
which would condense both the ``urllib`` and ``CallbackIOWrapper`` examples
down to:
.. code:: python
import urllib, os
from tqdm import tqdm
eg_link = "https://caspersci.uk.to/matryoshka.zip"
response = getattr(urllib, 'request', urllib).urlopen(eg_link)
with tqdm.wrapattr(open(os.devnull, "wb"), "write",
miniters=1, desc=eg_link.split('/')[-1],
total=getattr(response, 'length', None)) as fout:
for chunk in response:
fout.write(chunk)
The ``requests`` equivalent is nearly identical:
.. code:: python
import requests, os
from tqdm import tqdm
eg_link = "https://caspersci.uk.to/matryoshka.zip"
response = requests.get(eg_link, stream=True)
with tqdm.wrapattr(open(os.devnull, "wb"), "write",
miniters=1, desc=eg_link.split('/')[-1],
total=int(response.headers.get('content-length', 0))) as fout:
for chunk in response.iter_content(chunk_size=4096):
fout.write(chunk)
**Custom callback**
``tqdm`` is known for intelligently skipping unnecessary displays. To make a
custom callback take advantage of this, simply use the return value of
``update()``. This is set to ``True`` if a ``display()`` was triggered.
.. code:: python
from tqdm.auto import tqdm as std_tqdm
def external_callback(*args, **kwargs):
...
class TqdmExt(std_tqdm):
def update(self, n=1):
displayed = super(TqdmExt, self).update(n)
if displayed:
external_callback(**self.format_dict)
return displayed
``asyncio``
~~~~~~~~~~~
Note that ``break`` isn't currently caught by asynchronous iterators.
This means that ``tqdm`` cannot clean up after itself in this case:
.. code:: python
from tqdm.asyncio import tqdm
async for i in tqdm(range(9)):
if i == 2:
break
Instead, either call ``pbar.close()`` manually or use the context manager syntax:
.. code:: python
from tqdm.asyncio import tqdm
with tqdm(range(9)) as pbar:
async for i in pbar:
if i == 2:
break
Pandas Integration
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Due to popular demand we've added support for ``pandas`` -- here's an example
for ``DataFrame.progress_apply`` and ``DataFrameGroupBy.progress_apply``:
.. code:: python
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from tqdm import tqdm
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(0, 100, (100000, 6)))
# Register `pandas.progress_apply` and `pandas.Series.map_apply` with `tqdm`
# (can use `tqdm.gui.tqdm`, `tqdm.notebook.tqdm`, optional kwargs, etc.)
tqdm.pandas(desc="my bar!")
# Now you can use `progress_apply` instead of `apply`
# and `progress_map` instead of `map`
df.progress_apply(lambda x: x**2)
# can also groupby:
# df.groupby(0).progress_apply(lambda x: x**2)
In case you're interested in how this works (and how to modify it for your
own callbacks), see the
`examples <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/tree/master/examples>`__
folder or import the module and run ``help()``.
Keras Integration
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A ``keras`` callback is also available:
.. code:: python
from tqdm.keras import TqdmCallback
...
model.fit(..., verbose=0, callbacks=[TqdmCallback()])
Dask Integration
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A ``dask`` callback is also available:
.. code:: python
from tqdm.dask import TqdmCallback
with TqdmCallback(desc="compute"):
...
arr.compute()
# or use callback globally
cb = TqdmCallback(desc="global")
cb.register()
arr.compute()
IPython/Jupyter Integration
IPython/Jupyter is supported via the tqdm.notebook submodule:
.. code:: python
from tqdm.notebook import trange, tqdm
from time import sleep
for i in trange(3, desc='1st loop'):
for j in tqdm(range(100), desc='2nd loop'):
sleep(0.01)
In addition to tqdm features, the submodule provides a native Jupyter
widget (compatible with IPython v1-v4 and Jupyter), fully working nested bars
and colour hints (blue: normal, green: completed, red: error/interrupt,
light blue: no ETA); as demonstrated below.
|Screenshot-Jupyter1| |Screenshot-Jupyter2| |Screenshot-Jupyter3|
The notebook version supports percentage or pixels for overall width
(e.g.: ncols='100%' or ncols='480px').
It is also possible to let tqdm automatically choose between
console or notebook versions by using the autonotebook submodule:
.. code:: python
from tqdm.autonotebook import tqdm
tqdm.pandas()
Note that this will issue a TqdmExperimentalWarning if run in a notebook
since it is not meant to be possible to distinguish between jupyter notebook
and jupyter console. Use auto instead of autonotebook to suppress
this warning.
Note that notebooks will display the bar in the cell where it was created. This may be a different cell from the one where it is used. If this is not desired, either
display=False, and in a later cell call
display(bar.container):.. code:: python
from tqdm.notebook import tqdm
pbar = tqdm(..., display=False)
.. code:: python
# different cell
display(pbar.container)
The keras callback has a display() method which can be used likewise:
.. code:: python
from tqdm.keras import TqdmCallback
cbk = TqdmCallback(display=False)
.. code:: python
# different cell
cbk.display()
model.fit(..., verbose=0, callbacks=[cbk])
Another possibility is to have a single bar (near the top of the notebook)
which is constantly re-used (using reset() rather than close()).
For this reason, the notebook version (unlike the CLI version) does not
automatically call close() upon Exception.
.. code:: python
from tqdm.notebook import tqdm
pbar = tqdm()
.. code:: python
# different cell
iterable = range(100)
pbar.reset(total=len(iterable)) # initialise with new `total`
for i in iterable:
pbar.update()
pbar.refresh() # force print final status but don't `close()`
Custom Integration
To change the default arguments (such as making ``dynamic_ncols=True``),
simply use built-in Python magic:
.. code:: python
from functools import partial
from tqdm import tqdm as std_tqdm
tqdm = partial(std_tqdm, dynamic_ncols=True)
For further customisation,
``tqdm`` may be inherited from to create custom callbacks (as with the
``TqdmUpTo`` example `above <#hooks-and-callbacks>`__) or for custom frontends
(e.g. GUIs such as notebook or plotting packages). In the latter case:
1. ``def __init__()`` to call ``super().__init__(..., gui=True)`` to disable
terminal ``status_printer`` creation.
2. Redefine: ``close()``, ``clear()``, ``display()``.
Consider overloading ``display()`` to use e.g.
``self.frontend(**self.format_dict)`` instead of ``self.sp(repr(self))``.
Some submodule examples of inheritance:
- `tqdm/notebook.py <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/blob/master/tqdm/notebook.py>`__
- `tqdm/gui.py <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/blob/master/tqdm/gui.py>`__
- `tqdm/tk.py <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/blob/master/tqdm/tk.py>`__
- `tqdm/contrib/slack.py <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/blob/master/tqdm/contrib/slack.py>`__
- `tqdm/contrib/discord.py <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/blob/master/tqdm/contrib/discord.py>`__
- `tqdm/contrib/telegram.py <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/blob/master/tqdm/contrib/telegram.py>`__
Dynamic Monitor/Meter
You can use a tqdm as a meter which is not monotonically increasing.
This could be because n decreases (e.g. a CPU usage monitor) or total
changes.
One example would be recursively searching for files. The total is the
number of objects found so far, while n is the number of those objects which
are files (rather than folders):
.. code:: python
from tqdm import tqdm
import os.path
def find_files_recursively(path, show_progress=True):
files = []
# total=1 assumes `path` is a file
t = tqdm(total=1, unit="file", disable=not show_progress)
if not os.path.exists(path):
raise IOError("Cannot find:" + path)
def append_found_file(f):
files.append(f)
t.update()
def list_found_dir(path):
"""returns os.listdir(path) assuming os.path.isdir(path)"""
listing = os.listdir(path)
# subtract 1 since a "file" we found was actually this directory
t.total += len(listing) - 1
# fancy way to give info without forcing a refresh
t.set_postfix(dir=path[-10:], refresh=False)
t.update(0) # may trigger a refresh
return listing
def recursively_search(path):
if os.path.isdir(path):
for f in list_found_dir(path):
recursively_search(os.path.join(path, f))
else:
append_found_file(path)
recursively_search(path)
t.set_postfix(dir=path)
t.close()
return files
Using update(0) is a handy way to let tqdm decide when to trigger a
display refresh to avoid console spamming.
Writing messages
This is a work in progress (see
`#737 <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/issues/737>`__).
Since ``tqdm`` uses a simple printing mechanism to display progress bars,
you should not write any message in the terminal using ``print()`` while
a progressbar is open.
To write messages in the terminal without any collision with ``tqdm`` bar
display, a ``.write()`` method is provided:
.. code:: python
from tqdm.auto import tqdm, trange
from time import sleep
bar = trange(10)
for i in bar:
# Print using tqdm class method .write()
sleep(0.1)
if not (i % 3):
tqdm.write("Done task %i" % i)
# Can also use bar.write()
By default, this will print to standard output ``sys.stdout``. but you can
specify any file-like object using the ``file`` argument. For example, this
can be used to redirect the messages writing to a log file or class.
Redirecting writing
If using a library that can print messages to the console, editing the library
by replacing print() with tqdm.write() may not be desirable.
In that case, redirecting sys.stdout to tqdm.write() is an option.
To redirect sys.stdout, create a file-like class that will write
any input string to tqdm.write(), and supply the arguments
file=sys.stdout, dynamic_ncols=True.
A reusable canonical example is given below:
.. code:: python
from time import sleep
import contextlib
import sys
from tqdm import tqdm
from tqdm.contrib import DummyTqdmFile
@contextlib.contextmanager
def std_out_err_redirect_tqdm():
orig_out_err = sys.stdout, sys.stderr
try:
sys.stdout, sys.stderr = map(DummyTqdmFile, orig_out_err)
yield orig_out_err[0]
# Relay exceptions
except Exception as exc:
raise exc
# Always restore sys.stdout/err if necessary
finally:
sys.stdout, sys.stderr = orig_out_err
def some_fun(i):
print("Fee, fi, fo,".split()[i])
# Redirect stdout to tqdm.write() (don't forget the `as save_stdout`)
with std_out_err_redirect_tqdm() as orig_stdout:
# tqdm needs the original stdout
# and dynamic_ncols=True to autodetect console width
for i in tqdm(range(3), file=orig_stdout, dynamic_ncols=True):
sleep(.5)
some_fun(i)
# After the `with`, printing is restored
print("Done!")
Redirecting logging
Similar to ``sys.stdout``/``sys.stderr`` as detailed above, console ``logging``
may also be redirected to ``tqdm.write()``.
Warning: if also redirecting ``sys.stdout``/``sys.stderr``, make sure to
redirect ``logging`` first if needed.
Helper methods are available in ``tqdm.contrib.logging``. For example:
.. code:: python
import logging
from tqdm import trange
from tqdm.contrib.logging import logging_redirect_tqdm
LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
if __name__ == '__main__':
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
with logging_redirect_tqdm():
for i in trange(9):
if i == 4:
LOG.info("console logging redirected to `tqdm.write()`")
# logging restored
Monitoring thread, intervals and miniters
tqdm implements a few tricks to increase efficiency and reduce overhead.
mininterval defines how long
to wait between each refresh. tqdm always gets updated in the background,
but it will display only every mininterval.mininterval is more intuitive to configure than miniters.
A clever adjustment system dynamic_miniters will automatically adjust
miniters to the amount of iterations that fit into time mininterval.
Essentially, tqdm will check if it's time to print without actually
checking time. This behaviour can be still be bypassed by manually setting
miniters.However, consider a case with a combination of fast and slow iterations.
After a few fast iterations, dynamic_miniters will set miniters to a
large number. When iteration rate subsequently slows, miniters will
remain large and thus reduce display update frequency. To address this:
maxinterval defines the maximum time between display refreshes.
A concurrent monitoring thread checks for overdue updates and forces one
where necessary.The monitoring thread should not have a noticeable overhead, and guarantees
updates at least every 10 seconds by default.
This value can be directly changed by setting the monitor_interval of
any tqdm instance (i.e. t = tqdm.tqdm(...); t.monitor_interval = 2).
The monitor thread may be disabled application-wide by setting
tqdm.tqdm.monitor_interval = 0 before instantiation of any tqdm bar.
You can buy tqdm branded merch <https://tqdm.github.io/merch>__ now!
|GitHub-Commits| |GitHub-Issues| |GitHub-PRs| |OpenHub-Status| |GitHub-Contributions| |CII Best Practices|
All source code is hosted on GitHub <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm>__.
Contributions are welcome.
See the
CONTRIBUTING <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md>__
file for more information.
Developers who have made significant contributions, ranked by SLoC
(surviving lines of code,
git fame <https://github.com/casperdcl/git-fame>__ -wMC --excl '\.(png|gif|jpg)$'),
are:
==================== ======================================================== ==== ================================
Name ID SLoC Notes
==================== ======================================================== ==== ================================
Casper da Costa-Luis casperdcl <https://github.com/casperdcl>__ ~80% primary maintainer |Gift-Casper|
Stephen Larroque lrq3000 <https://github.com/lrq3000>__ ~9% team member
Martin Zugnoni martinzugnoni <https://github.com/martinzugnoni>__ ~3%
Daniel Ecer de-code <https://github.com/de-code>__ ~2%
Richard Sheridan richardsheridan <https://github.com/richardsheridan>__ ~1%
Guangshuo Chen chengs <https://github.com/chengs>__ ~1%
Helio Machado 0x2b3bfa0 <https://github.com/0x2b3bfa0>__ ~1%
Kyle Altendorf altendky <https://github.com/altendky>__ <1%
Noam Yorav-Raphael noamraph <https://github.com/noamraph>__ <1% original author
Matthew Stevens mjstevens777 <https://github.com/mjstevens777>__ <1%
Hadrien Mary hadim <https://github.com/hadim>__ <1% team member
Mikhail Korobov kmike <https://github.com/kmike>__ <1% team member
==================== ======================================================== ==== ================================
Ports to Other Languages
A list is available on
`this wiki page <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/wiki/tqdm-ports>`__.
LICENCE
-------
Open Source (OSI approved): |LICENCE|
Citation information: |DOI|
|README-Hits| (Since 19 May 2016)
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:target: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.595120
.. |binder-demo| image:: https://mybinder.org/badge_logo.svg
:target: https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/tqdm/tqdm/master?filepath=DEMO.ipynb
.. |Screenshot-Jupyter1| image:: https://tqdm.github.io/img/jupyter-1.gif
.. |Screenshot-Jupyter2| image:: https://tqdm.github.io/img/jupyter-2.gif
.. |Screenshot-Jupyter3| image:: https://tqdm.github.io/img/jupyter-3.gif
.. |README-Hits| image:: https://caspersci.uk.to/cgi-bin/hits.cgi?q=tqdm&style=social&r=https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm&l=https://tqdm.github.io/img/favicon.png&f=https://tqdm.github.io/img/logo.gif
:target: https://caspersci.uk.to/cgi-bin/hits.cgi?q=tqdm&a=plot&r=https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm&l=https://tqdm.github.io/img/favicon.png&f=https://tqdm.github.io/img/logo.gif&style=social